Learn Thai middle class consonants

4–6 minutes
  1. Middle class consonants
  2. Thai middle class tone rules
  3. How to learn Thai middle class tone rules
  4. Thai middle class example
  5. Summary of Thai middle class tone rules

If you want to be able to read Thai, you need to learn reading rules in each class of Thai consonants (middle, high and low class consonants) which is different. In this blog, we will focus on Thai middle class consonants and the reading rules as it’s easiest to understand among all classes of consonants in Thai.

Middle class consonants

There are 9 middle-class consonants in total which are “ก จ ด บ ป อ”. Thai people learn by remembering in a sentence as “ไก่จิกเด็กตายบนปากโอ่ง” (gài jìk dèk dtaai dèk dtaai bon bpàak òong) which means the chicken bites the kid until it dies and the kid dies in the big jar.”

Thai middle class tone rules

  • The base tone is neutral and it can be conjugated to all 5 tones in Thai with long vowels and/or final consonants “นมยวง”.
  • When middle class consonants are combined with short vowels and/or final consonants “กบด”. They will start with low tones without tone marks and the rest is the same.

How to learn Thai middle class tone rules

  1. Work on remembering 9 middle class consonants. 

There are only 7 middle class consonants that you will see often in daily life which are “ก จ ด ต บ ป อ”. Practise writing them to help you familiarise with them better.

  1. Learn Thai vowels

After you become more familiar with the middle class consonants, you can combine them with the vowels to practice reading Thai words. You can focus mostly on those words that have meanings and see it as a chance to learn useful vocabs as well.

  1. Apply the tone marks and practice reading with Thai middle class tone rules

Thai middle class consonants have the easiest rules among all Thai consonants classes. It can change to all 5 tones with direct tone marks except when they are combined with short vowels and the main final consonants and its members “กบด”, they will start with low tone without tone marks and the rest are the same. You can see the table below as a Thai middle class example.

Thai middle class example

  • Middle class consonants with long vowels and short vowels with -ะ, -า, ิ, ี, ุ, ู vowels
NeutralLowFallingHighRising
กาก่าก้าก๊าก๋า
กะก้ะก๊ะก๋ะ
จีจี่จี้จี๊จี๋
จิจิ้จิ๊จิ๋
ดือดื่อดื้อดื๊อดื๋อ
ดึดึ้ดึ๊ดึ๋
ตูตู่ตู้ตู๋ตู๋
ตุตุ้ตุ๊ตุ๋

Note: These rules applied to all middle class consonants.

  • Middle class consonants with long vowels, short vowels and final consonants
NeutralLowFallingHighRising
กานก่านก้านก๊านก๋าน
กันกั่นกั้นกั๊นกั๋น
กากก้ากก๊ากก๋าก
กักกั้กกั๊กกั๋ก

Note: These rules applied to all middle class consonants.

  • Middle class consonants with long vowels and short vowels with เ-ะ, เ-, แ-ะ, แ-, โ-ะ, โ-, เ-าะ, -อ vowels
NeutralLowFallingHighRising
เบเบ่เบ้เบ๊เบ๋
เบะเบ้ะเบ๊ะเบ๋ะ
แปแป่แป้แป๊แป๋
แปะแป้ะแป๊ะแป๋ะ
โอโอโอ้โอ๊โอ๋
โอะโอ้ะโอ๊ะโอ๋ะ
กอก่อก้อก๊อก๋อ
เกาะเก้าะเก๊าะเก๋าะ

Note: These rules applied to all middle class consonants.

  • Middle class consonants with long vowels and short vowels and final consonants with เ-ะ, เ-, แ-ะ, แ-, โ-ะ, โ-, เ-าะ, -อ vowels
NeutralLowFallingHighRising
เบนเบ่นเบ้นเบ๊นเบ๋น
เบ็นเบ่นเบ้นเบ๊นเบ๋น
เบกเบ้กเบ๊กเบ๋ก
เบ็กเบ้กเบ๊กเบ๋ก
แปนแป่นแป้นแป๊นแป๋น
แป็นแป่นแป้นแป๊นแป๋น
แบกแบ้กแบ๊กแบ๋ก
แบ็กแบ้กแบ๊กแบ๋ก
โบนโบ่นโบ้นโบ๊นโบ๋น
บนบ่นบ้นบ๊นบ๋น
โบกโบ้กโบ๊กโบ๋ก
บกบ้กบ๊กบ๋ก
ปอนป่อนป้อนป๊อนป๋อน
ป็อนป่อนป้อนป๊อนป๋อน
ปอกป้อกป๊อกป๋อก
ป็อกป้อกป๊อกป๋อก

Note: These rules applied to all middle class consonants.

  • Middle class consonants with long vowels and short vowels with “เ-อะ, เ-อ, เ-ียะ, เ-ีย, เ-ือะ, เือ, -ัวะ, -ัว”
NeutralLowFallingHighRising
เกอเก่อเก้อเก๊อเก๋อ
เกอะเก้อะเก๊อะเก๋อะ
เจียเจี่ยเจี้ยเจี๊ยเจี๋ย
เจียะเจี้ยะเจี๊ยะเจี๋ยะ
เดือเดื่อเดื้อเดื๊อเดื๋อ
เดือะเดื้อะเดี๊อะเดื๋อะ
ตัวตั่วตั้วตั๊วตั๋ว
ตัวะตั้วะตั๊วะตั๋วะ

Note: These rules applied to all middle class consonants.

Summary of Thai middle class tone rules

  • Middle class + long vowels / middle class + long vowels + “นมยวง” / middle class + short vowels + “นมยวง” = can change to all 5 tones with direct tone marks
  • Middle class + short vowels / middle class + short vowels + “กบด” / middle class + long vowels + “กบด” = start from low tone without tone marks and the rests are the same.

And this is middle class consonants and Thai middle class tone rules you should know. You can practice by yourself starting from remembering 9 middle class consonants, main vowels and the middle class consonants tone rules. After that you can practice reading and work on remembering the useful vocabs.

If you want to practise on reading and writing Thai with a native Thai teacher for foreigners, try a trial class with Learn Thai Like A Local and be able to read Thai properly within 40-50 hours!

Our reading and writing Thai course material is designed especially with important rules and fun exercises to help you in remembering and working towards reading Thai in a more effective and fun way!

2 responses to “Learn Thai middle class consonants”

  1. […] Middle-class consonants are including: ก จ ฎ ด ฏ ต บ ป อ (9) or it can be remembered as “ไก่จิกเด็กตายบนปากโอ่ง (gài jìk dèk dtaai dèk dtaai bon bpàak òong)” […]

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  2. […] way to help you remembering Thai consonants one more round is when you learn about classes of Thai consonants as they have different rules to read […]

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